controlling speed with ae pixel sorter 2

greenhouse gas emissions in 2017 ( EPA, 2019). methane emissions and about 4% of total U.S. EPA greenhouse gas inventory states that NG and petroleum systems accounted for 32% of total U.S. These findings suggest that at 2 mps winds under favorable environmental conditions in the United States, Kairos could detect and quantify over 50% of total emissions by identifying super-emitting sources. This reflects both uncertainty in wind measurements and in Kairos’ estimates. For emissions above 15 kgh/mps, quantification error scales as roughly 30%–40% of emission size, even when using wind reanalysis data instead of ground-based measurements.

Performance is comparable even with only modeled wind data. Plume quantification accuracy depends on the wind measurement technique, with a parity slope of 1.15 (σ = 0.037, R 2 = 0.84, N = 185) using a cup-based wind meter and 1.45 (σ = 0.059, R 2 = 0.80, N = 157) using an ultrasonic anemometer. There were no false positives: Kairos did not detect methane during any of the 21 negative controls. Nine of the 26 releases in the partial detection range of 5–15 kgh(CH 4)/mps were detected. In blinded controlled releases of methane conducted over 4 days in San Joaquin County, CA, Kairos detected 182 of 200 valid nonzero releases, including all 173 over 15 kgh(CH 4) per meter per second (mps) of wind and none of the 12 nonzero releases below 8.3 kgh(CH 4)/mps. We evaluate the emission detection and quantification capabilities of Kairos Aerospace’s airplane-based hyperspectral imaging methane emission detection system for methane fluxes of 18–1,025 kg per hour of methane (kgh(CH 4)). The majority of such emissions come from a small fraction of “super-emitting” sources. Methane leakage from point sources in the oil and gas industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions.

Controlling speed with ae pixel sorter 2